In addition to the cricoid cartilage, which of the following contributes to the structure of the larynx?

The structure of the larynx is comprised of several cartilaginous components, one of which is the thyroid cartilage, making it an essential element of the laryngeal framework. The thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage in the larynx and forms the prominent "Adam's apple" seen in the neck. It plays a critical role in protecting the vocal cords, providing both support and a site for muscle attachment, which is vital for phonation and breathing.

The other options listed do not directly contribute to the laryngeal structure. While the hyoid bone supports the larynx and the tongue, it is not a cartilage and does not form a part of the larynx itself. The lingual cartilage does not exist as a recognized anatomical feature in the context of the larynx, and the temporal bone is associated with the skull structure rather than the laryngeal framework. Therefore, the thyroid cartilage's key role in the structure and function of the larynx makes it the correct choice.