What type of metabolism requires oxygen and produces energy with minimal waste?

Aerobic metabolism is the process that occurs in the presence of oxygen, allowing cells to efficiently produce energy while minimizing waste products. This process primarily occurs in the mitochondria of cells, where glucose and oxygen react to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. The ability to utilize oxygen means that aerobic metabolism can generate a significantly higher yield of ATP compared to anaerobic processes, making it a more efficient way for cells to obtain energy.

In contrast, anaerobic metabolism, which occurs without oxygen, leads to the production of energy through less efficient pathways that often result in the buildup of lactic acid or other by-products, which can later lead to fatigue and muscle soreness. Cellular respiration encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic processes; however, it is specifically the aerobic portion of this overall process that utilizes oxygen efficiently. Fermentation is a specific type of anaerobic metabolism that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol, producing even more waste and yielding less energy compared to aerobic metabolism. Thus, the defining characteristics of aerobic metabolism as an oxygen-dependent, energy-efficient process with minimal waste truly highlight why it is the correct answer.