Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary motor functions?

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary motor functions, which include the regulation of internal organs and glands. Unlike the somatic nervous system, which governs voluntary muscle movements and reflexes, the autonomic system operates without conscious control. It is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, both of which work together to maintain homeostasis, manage bodily responses to stress, and facilitate rest and digestion processes.

The central nervous system, while crucial for overall function and coordination, does not directly control these involuntary functions; instead, it acts as the processing unit that relays information. The enteric nervous system, although involved in the function of the gastrointestinal system and sometimes considered a part of the autonomic system, specifically focuses on digestive processes rather than broader involuntary functions throughout the body. Thus, the correct answer highlights the role of the autonomic nervous system in managing functions that we do not consciously control.